As the only topical drug currently proven to regulate the growth cycle of hair follicles, the dosage selection of minoxidil needs to be comprehensively evaluated according to individual circumstances. The following are the medication recommendations for different groups of people:
I. General Population with Hair Loss
Female Patients or Those with Mild Hair Loss
Recommended Concentration: 2%
The androgen level in women is relatively low, and they may be more sensitive to high-concentration drugs. Minoxidil at a concentration of 2% is relatively mild, which can reduce the risk of scalp irritation and is suitable for mild hair loss conditions such as postpartum hair loss and stress-induced hair loss. Clinical studies have shown that women can see an improvement in hair growth after using the 2% concentration for 6 weeks, and the effect is more significant with long-term use (3-6 months).
Male Patients or Those with Moderate to Severe Hair Loss
Recommended Concentration: 5%
The process of male androgenetic alopecia is relatively rapid. A 5% concentration can more effectively dilate the blood vessels in the scalp and stimulate the hair follicles to enter the growth phase. Clinical trials have shown that the 5% concentration can promote 45% more hair growth compared to the 2% concentration, and the onset of action is earlier (about 2 months). It should be noted that the 5% concentration may increase the probability of scalp irritation. If redness, swelling, or itching occurs, you can try reducing the frequency of use or consult a doctor to adjust the treatment plan.
II. Handling of Special Situations
People with Hypersensitivity Reactions
Suggested Initial Concentration: 1%
Some people are sensitive to minoxidil or its solvents (such as propylene glycol) and may develop contact dermatitis. Such patients can start with a 1% concentration for a trial use, and gradually adjust it after observing the tolerance. If the symptoms persist, the drug should be stopped and medical advice should be sought.
Children and Pregnant Women
Children: The safety of patients under 18 years old has not been clearly defined. It is necessary to use it strictly according to the doctor’s advice, usually starting with a 2% concentration and closely monitoring.
Pregnant Women and Lactating Women: Minoxidil may affect the fetus through skin absorption and is in the category of prohibited drugs.
III. Precautions for Use
Dosage and Frequency: The total daily dosage should not exceed 2ml (about 14 sprays), and it should be used in 2 divided doses. Excessive use will not enhance the effect but instead increase the risk of side effects.
Application Method: Apply it when the scalp is dry, massage for 3-5 minutes to promote absorption, and wash your hands immediately after use to avoid the drug coming into contact with the face or other parts, which may cause hirsutism.
Onset Time: It usually takes 3-6 months to see the effect. In the initial stage, there may be a “shedding period” (accelerated hair loss during the resting phase), which is a normal phenomenon. Continuing to use it can make the hair enter the growth phase.
Combination Medication: It can be used in combination with finasteride (for men) or spironolactone (for women) to enhance the curative effect, but it needs to be guided by a doctor.
IV. Side Effects and Countermeasures
Common Reactions: Scalp itching, scaling, and erythema (mostly due to the irritation of propylene glycol), which usually subside after 1-2 weeks of adaptation.
Serious Reactions: If chest pain, palpitations, facial swelling, or generalized hirsutism occurs, stop using the drug immediately and seek medical attention.
Rebound after Withdrawal: Abruptly stopping the drug after long-term use may lead to recurrence of hair loss. It is recommended to gradually reduce the dosage and combine with other treatments to maintain the effect.
Conclusion: The dosage selection of minoxidil needs to be combined with the type of hair loss, gender, severity, and individual tolerance. It is recommended to formulate a treatment plan under the guidance of a professional dermatologist to avoid adjusting the concentration or stopping the drug on your own. Early intervention and standardized use are the keys to improving the curative effect.